Article
Emily Malan

Born to Run

The incredible journey of one of Team USA’s youngest stars.

By Alessandra Potenza
From the April 2023 Issue

Learning Objective: to explore key ideas and details in a work of narrative nonfiction

Lexiles: 920L, 760L
Other Key Skills: figurative language, compare and contrast
AS YOU READ

Consider what has helped Ezra achieve his goals.

Ezra Frech was running with every bit of strength he had, pushing himself forward on his powerful legs. One of Ezra’s legs was flesh, muscle, and bone. Part of his other leg was made of a material stronger than steel.

It was August 31, 2021, and Ezra, then 16, was competing in the high jump event at the Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. The Paralympics are where the world’s top athletes with a range of disabilities come together to compete. Tennis players in wheelchairs move over the court with lightning speed and precision. Soccer players with vision impairments score breathtaking goals. There are events in swimming, archery, triathlon, and more. It’s a thrilling competition, enjoyed by billions of spectators. 

Ezra had dreamed of winning a medal at the Paralympics since he was 11 years old. He’d trained for years, at times so intensely his body nearly broke down. Now the moment he’d been waiting for—the culmination of all his hard work—had arrived. 

The weather in Tokyo had been sweltering, and now rain poured from the sky. As Ezra approached the bar, he picked up speed, his hair and uniform soaked. His heart pounded. His muscles screamed.

Was his dream about to come true?

Ezra Frech was running with every bit of strength he had, pushing forward with his powerful legs. One of Ezra’s legs was flesh, muscle, and bone. Part of his other leg was made of a material stronger than steel.

It was August 31, 2021. Ezra was 16. He was competing in the high jump event at the Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. The Paralympics are a set of competitions for the world’s top athletes with disabilities. There are events in tennis, soccer, swimming, archery, triathlon, and more. Billions of spectators enjoy the events. 

Ezra had dreamed of winning a medal at the Paralympics since he was 11 years old. He’d trained for years. Now the moment he’d been waiting for—the culmination of all his hard work—had arrived. 

The weather in Tokyo was hot and rainy. As Ezra approached the bar, he picked up speed. His hair and uniform were soaked. His heart pounded. His muscles screamed.

Was his dream about to come true?

A Tough Decision

A Tough Decision

Ezra was born in Los Angeles, with a rare congenital condition that affects limbs. His left hand had only one finger. His left leg was missing the knee and the fibula (one of two bones in the lower leg that connect to the ankle). His left leg also angled in toward his body, so his left foot was near his waist.

Ezra’s parents, Clayton Frech and Bahar Soomekh, wondered what would happen to their son. Would he ever be able to walk? There were no simple answers. 

After consulting with doctors, Clayton and Bahar learned that Ezra would need a prosthetic leg—an artificial limb made of plastic, metal, and rubber that would attach to the bottom of his left leg. At 11 months old, Ezra received his first prosthetic. It didn’t fit well, and walking with it was difficult. 

So when Ezra was 2, his parents made a tough decision: to have Ezra’s left foot and part of his left leg amputated. The surgery would be risky and complicated, and months of painful recovery would follow. 

“It was the scariest thing,” Clayton remembers.

Still, the surgery would enable Ezra to wear a prosthetic leg more easily. Clayton and Bahar hoped that one day, he would be able to walk comfortably—maybe even run, jump, and ride a bike. They wanted him to enjoy the life of a typical kid. 

But, as they would discover, their son is not typical. 

He is extraordinary.

Ezra was born in Los Angeles, with a rare congenital condition that affects limbs. His left hand had only one finger. His left leg was missing the knee and the fibula. That’s one of two bones in the lower leg that connect to the ankle. His left leg also angled in toward his body. So his left foot was near his waist.

Clayton Frech and Bahar Soomekh are Ezra’s parents. They wondered whether Ezra would be able to walk.

Doctors talked with Clayton and Bahar. They learned that Ezra would need a prosthetic leg—an artificial limb made of plastic, metal, and rubber. It would attach to the bottom of Ezra’s left leg. At 11 months old, Ezra got his first prosthetic. It didn’t fit well. Walking with it was difficult. 

So when Ezra was 2, his parents made a tough decision: to have Ezra’s left foot and part of his left leg amputated. The surgery would be risky and complicated.

Still, the surgery would allow Ezra to wear a prosthetic leg more easily. Clayton and Bahar hoped that one day, he would be able to walk comfortably. And maybe he would even run, jump, and ride a bike. They wanted him to enjoy the life of a typical kid. 

But, as they would discover, their son is not typical. 

He is extraordinary.

 Courtesy of Frech Family

Ezra, age 3, after surgery

Magical Moment

Magical Moment

After recovering from a 15-hour surgery, Ezra was given a new prosthetic leg that fit much better. It featured a bendable knee that enabled him to walk in a more natural way. A toe from his amputated left foot had also been surgically attached to his left hand, essentially functioning as a second finger so he could grasp objects. 

Ezra doesn’t remember the many tumbles and tears as he learned to walk all over again. What he does remember is a magical moment—the first time in his life that he ran.

He was 4 years old, at a park with his parents. He was wearing a special type of prosthetic leg meant for running and jumping, known as a blade. Thin and sleek, it looked to Ezra like an upside-down question mark. 

The blade wasn’t meant to resemble a human leg. But it did provide the flexibility, power, and energy of muscles and tendons. 

“I felt free,” says Ezra, now 17, of that first time running with the blade. 

As it turned out, that blade would change Ezra’s life. 

The surgery took 15 hours. After he recovered, Ezra got a new prosthetic leg. It fit much better. It had a bendable knee. He could walk in a more natural way. A toe from his amputated left foot had also been surgically attached to his left hand. It would function as a second finger so he could grasp objects. 

Ezra doesn’t remember the many tumbles as he learned to walk again. What he does remember is a magical moment—the first time that he ran.

He was 4 years old, at a park with his parents. He was wearing a special type of prosthetic leg meant for running and jumping. It’s known as a blade. It’s thin and sleek. To Ezra, it looked like an upside-down question mark. 

The blade wasn’t designed to look like a human leg. But it did provide the flexibility, power, and energy of muscles and tendons. 

“I felt free,” says Ezra, now 17, of that first time running with the blade. 

As it turned out, that blade would change Ezra’s life.

Finding a Way

Finding a Way

The story of Ezra’s blade began decades before he was born, with a 21-year-old college student named Van Phillips. 

On a spring day in 1976, Phillips was waterskiing with friends. Suddenly, fire broke out on the motorboat that was pulling him, and the boat abruptly came to a halt. Another motorboat swerved to avoid a collision and, not seeing Phillips in the water, ran over him—severing his left leg below the knee. 

When Phillips woke up in the hospital, he was devastated. 

“I laid there, pitiful, feeling that my body was eternally damaged, that I was never going to be whole again,” he would recall in a 2011 speech. 

Soon Phillips was given a prosthetic to replace his lower leg and foot. Made mostly of wood and rubber, it was clumsy, heavy, and painful. 

Humans have been making prosthetics to replace missing limbs for thousands of years. By the 1970s, these devices had certainly come a long way from the iron hands and wooden legs of the past. But as Phillips would learn, there hadn’t been much innovation in decades. Most prosthetics were designed to resemble the shape of their flesh-and-blood counterparts and didn’t work well. 

Phillips couldn’t understand how—in a world where humans had found a way to walk on the moon—the technology of prosthetics could be so crude. 

“I knew there was a better way,” he remembers. 

He was right—a better way was possible. And he was going to invent it.

The story of Ezra’s blade began decades before he was born, with a 21-year-old college student named Van Phillips. 

On a spring day in 1976, Phillips was waterskiing with friends. A fire broke out on the motorboat that was pulling him. The boat suddenly stopped. Another motorboat swerved to avoid a hitting it. That boat did not see Phillips in the water. It ran over him—severing his left leg below the knee. 

Phillips woke up in the hospital.

“I laid there, pitiful, feeling that my body was eternally damaged, that I was never going to be whole again,” he would recall in a 2011 speech. 

Soon Phillips was given a prosthetic to replace his lower leg and foot. It was made mostly of wood and rubber. It was clumsy, heavy, and painful. 

Humans have been making prosthetics to replace missing limbs for thousands of years. By the 1970s, these devices had come a long way from the iron hands and wooden legs of the past. But there hadn’t been much innovation in decades. Most prosthetics were designed to look like their flesh-and-blood counterparts and didn’t work well. 

Phillips couldn’t understand how the technology of prosthetics could be so crude. After all, humans had found a way to walk on the moon.

“I knew there was a better way,” he remembers. 

He was right. And he was going to invent it.

Emily Malan

Ezra Frech is a world-class track-and-field athlete. He competed in the 2020 Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.

The Blade

The Blade

Phillips transferred from Arizona State University to Northwestern University near Chicago to study biomedical engineering, a field that blends engineering with biology and medicine. There he began to dream up a new kind of artificial limb, one that would enable wearers to move with speed, stability, and power—to run on the beach, to hike rugged trails, to climb mountains and play basketball. 

Phillips experimented with different shapes and materials. He designed hundreds of legs and feet. After college, he teamed up with a partner, an engineer named Dale Abildskov. Together they came up with an ingenious design: the blade that 4-year-old Ezra would wear so many years later. 

The blade, which Phillips named the Flex-Foot, worked a bit like a spring, propelling the wearer forward as they stepped. It was made of an ultrastrong, ultralight material called carbon graphite. And it worked incredibly well.

Phillips went on to found a company and continued to refine his design, creating different models for a range of needs. One model, the Flex-Foot Cheetah, was for competitive athletes. Inspired by the hind legs of cheetahs, the foot and leg curve backward. The Cheetah looks nothing like a human leg and foot. But it can function as well as ligaments and bones and tendons—maybe even better. 

It is this design that Ezra would one day wear at the Paralympics.

Phillips transferred from Arizona State University to Northwestern University near Chicago. He studied biomedical engineering, a field that blends engineering with biology and medicine. He began to dream up a new kind of artificial limb. It would allow wearers to move with speed, stability, and power, so they could run on the beach and hike rugged trails. 

Phillips experimented with different shapes and materials. He designed hundreds of legs and feet. After college, he and an engineer named Dale Abildskov came up with an ingenious design: the blade that 4-year-old Ezra would wear so many years later. 

Phillips named their blade the Flex-Foot. It worked a bit like a spring, propelling the wearer forward as they stepped. It was made of an ultrastrong, ultralight material called carbon graphite. And it worked incredibly well.

Phillips then started a company and continued to refine his design. He created different models for a range of needs. One model, the Flex-Foot Cheetah, was for competitive athletes. It was inspired by the hind legs of cheetahs, and the foot and leg curve backward. The Cheetah looks nothing like a human leg and foot. But it can function as well as ligaments and bones and tendons—maybe even better. 

This is the design that Ezra would one day wear at the Paralympics. 

A Sense of Belonging

A Sense of Belonging

By the time Ezra was fitted with a blade in 2009, Phillips’s inventions had completely transformed the world of para-sports. (Today most Paralympic athletes who use prosthetic legs wear a version of the Cheetah blade.) 

For Ezra, the blade made it possible to finally play soccer, football, and basketball. He proved to be a gifted athlete, agile and strong. 

When he was 8, Ezra attended his first track-and-field competition for people with disabilities. He watched with amazement as runners wearing blades sprinted and jumped, as wheelchair racers zoomed around the track. This is where Ezra tried the high jump for the first time. 

He absolutely loved it. 

As he got older, sports gave Ezra a sense of belonging and helped him make friends. He also learned to better cope with the challenges of having a difference everyone could see. “When I was playing sports, I wasn’t thinking about the fact that I was the only kid in my school with one leg,” Ezra says. “It gave me this escape.”

Slowly, he grew more comfortable with his difference. He’d always hated when other kids stared at him. But he came to understand that most stares weren’t meant to be cruel. His classmates were simply curious. 

Ezra trained himself to ignore the stares and, when he felt like it, to talk more openly about his experiences. 

“Having those conversations broke down barriers,” says Ezra’s mom, Bahar.

Ezra was fitted with a blade in 2009. By this time, Phillips’s inventions had completely changed the world of para-sports. (Today most Paralympic athletes who use prosthetic legs wear a version of the Cheetah blade.) 

For Ezra, the blade made it possible to finally play soccer, football, and basketball. He proved to be a gifted athlete, agile and strong. 

When he was 8, Ezra attended his first track-and-field competition for people with disabilities. He watched with amazement as runners wearing blades sprinted and jumped. Then he tried the high jump for the first time. 

He absolutely loved it. 

As he got older, sports helped Ezra make friends. He also learned to better cope with the challenges of having a difference everyone could see. “When I was playing sports, I wasn’t thinking about the fact that I was the only kid in my school with one leg,” Ezra says. “It gave me this escape.”

Slowly, he grew more comfortable with his difference. He’d always hated when other kids stared at him. But he came to understand that most stares weren’t meant to be cruel. His classmates were simply curious. 

Ezra trained himself to ignore the stares. And when he felt like it, he talked more openly about his experiences. 

“Having those conversations broke down barriers,” says Ezra’s mom, Bahar.

 Courtesy of Family

Ezra with a young athlete at Angel City Sports, the organization he and his parents founded

Paralympic Dreams

Paralympic Dreams

Ezra’s obsession with the Paralympics began when he was 11 years old. Watching the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from his family’s living room, Ezra was dazzled by the power and grace of the athletes.

“It was like the universe was telling me, ‘This is what you’re meant to do,’” he remembers.

He informed his parents of his plan to compete in the Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Japan, which were scheduled for 2020. (They would be delayed until 2021 because of the pandemic.) 

Then he got to work—immediately. 

Every day, he woke up at 5 a.m. to run. He practiced jumping in his backyard every afternoon after school. At breakfast, he scoured YouTube videos for new workout ideas.

What Ezra didn’t realize was that the unrelenting intensity of his self-designed program was putting his body at risk. Several months into his training, a bone in his right leg cracked from overuse—an injury that high-level athletes are prone to. 

Would this be the end of his dream?

Ezra’s obsession with the Paralympics began when he was 11 years old. He was watching the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from his family’s living room. He was dazzled by the power and grace of the athletes.

“It was like the universe was telling me, ‘This is what you’re meant to do,’” he remembers.

He told his parents of his plan to compete in the 2020 Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Japan. (The games would be delayed until 2021 because of the pandemic.) 

Then he got to work—immediately. 

Every day, he woke up at 5 a.m. to run. At breakfast, he scoured YouTube videos for new workout ideas. After school, he practiced jumping in his backyard. 

But the unrelenting intensity of his self-designed program was hard on his body. Several months into his training, a bone in his right leg cracked from overuse. High-level athletes are prone to that type of injury. 

Would this be the end of his dream?

 “It was very scary . . . I risked my chance of ever being able to run again.”

Team USA

Team USA

The injury forced Ezra to cease training completely. He chose to use a wheelchair for three months to allow the bone to heal properly. His doctors forbade him to run for another three months after that.

“It was very scary,” he remembers. “I risked my chance of ever being able to run again.”

But slowly, after hours of physical therapy, Ezra began to recover. His parents enlisted a coach to safely guide Ezra through his training—and also teach him how to rest.

“My performance skyrocketed,” Ezra says.

In June 2019, at age 14, Ezra qualified for Team USA, making him one of the youngest athletes ever to qualify. Finally, in August 2021, he traveled to the Paralympics in Tokyo with his dad and his coach. 

No spectators were allowed because of Covid-19, but despite the empty stadiums, Ezra felt ready—and exhilarated. After years of sweat, tears, and sacrifice, he was training and mingling with some of the most elite athletes on the planet.

To remind him of everything he’d done to get there, he wore a pendant around his neck that read “Road to Tokyo.”

And now, it was time for his best event: the high jump.

Ezra had to stop training completely. He used a wheelchair for three months to allow the bone to heal properly. His doctors said he could not run for three months after that.

“It was very scary,” he remembers. “I risked my chance of ever being able to run again.”

But slowly, after hours of physical therapy, Ezra began to recover. His parents enlisted a coach to safely guide Ezra through his training—and teach him how to rest.

“My performance skyrocketed,” Ezra says.

In June 2019, at age 14, Ezra qualified for Team USA. He was one of the youngest athletes ever to qualify. Finally, in August 2021, he traveled to the Paralympics in Tokyo with his dad and his coach. 

Spectators were not allowed because of Covid-19. But despite the empty stadiums, Ezra felt ready—and exhilarated. After years of sweat, tears, and sacrifice, he was training with some of the most elite athletes on the planet.

The pendant around his neck read “Road to Tokyo.” He wore it to remind himself of what he had done to get there.

And now, it was time for his best event: the high jump.

Alex Pantling/Getty Images

Going for Gold 

Ezra competing in the high jump at the Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Japan

A Breathtaking Display

A Breathtaking Display

As the world watched on TV, Ezra sprinted toward the bar. In a split second, he leapt 6 feet into the air. For an instant he seemed suspended, a breathtaking display of strength and skill. Then he twirled his entire body over the bar and landed on the mat.

Then he saw it: The bar wasn’t held up by the poles anymore—it was lying on the ground. 

Immediately he realized what had happened. His prosthetic leg had touched the bar, causing it to fall. This small mistake cost him a medal. In the end, he finished in fifth place. 

Everything he had dreamed of, everything he had worked for, seemed to tumble down around him in pieces. The disappointment felt like a painful weight on his chest. For hours, he could scarcely speak. 

“I was really crushed,” Ezra says.

As the world watched on TV, Ezra sprinted toward the bar. In a split second, he leapt 6 feet into the air. Then, in a breathtaking display, he twirled his body over the bar and landed on the mat.

Then he saw it: The bar was lying on the ground. 

He knew what had happened. His prosthetic leg had touched the bar, causing it to fall from the poles that held it up. This small mistake cost him a medal. He finished in fifth place. 

Everything he had dreamed of and worked for seemed to tumble down around him in pieces. The disappointment felt like a painful weight on his chest. For hours, he could scarcely speak. 

“I was really crushed,” Ezra says.

Looking to the Future

Looking to the Future

Today, Ezra sees his loss in a different way. He uses it as fuel, energizing him to look to the future. He is currently training for next year’s Paralympic Games in Paris, France, where he is determined to stand on the podium. In fact, the screensaver on his phone is a photo of the three high-jump medalists at the Tokyo awards ceremony. Every time he sees it, he’s reminded of his goal to win at the next Paralympic Games.

Whether or not he medals in 2024, his biggest accomplishment may be off the field, however. In 2013, Ezra and his family founded a nonprofit organization called Angel City Sports. There, Ezra teaches other kids with physical disabilities how to run, jump, and dribble basketballs. 

“Our first year we had 150 athletes, and then each year we’ve grown,” Ezra says. “Now we’re serving thousands and thousands of athletes with physical disabilities across the country.”

Ezra says he wants to inspire every child to pursue their dreams, no matter how hard that may be. “I had people tell me, ‘You’re too young, you’re not gonna make it,’” he says. “I didn’t listen to them. I worked hard, I believed in myself, and I made it happen.”

Today, Ezra sees his loss in a different way. He uses it as fuel, energizing him to look to the future. He is now training for next year’s Paralympic Games in Paris, France. He’s determined to stand on the podium. In fact, the screensaver on his phone is a photo of the three high-jump medalists at the Tokyo awards ceremony. It reminds him of his goal to win at the next Paralympic Games.

Whether or not he medals in 2024, his biggest accomplishment may be off the field. In 2013, Ezra and his family founded a nonprofit organization called Angel City Sports. There, Ezra teaches other kids with physical disabilities how to run, jump, and dribble basketballs. 

“Our first year we had 150 athletes, and then each year we’ve grown,” Ezra says. “Now we’re serving thousands and thousands of athletes with physical disabilities across the country.”

Ezra says he wants to inspire every child to pursue their dreams, no matter how hard that may be. “I had people tell me, ‘You’re too young, you’re not gonna make it,’” he says. “I didn’t listen to them. I worked hard, I believed in myself, and I made it happen.”

Writing Prompt

What helped Ezra achieve his goal of competing in Tokyo? What motivates him to continue pursuing his dreams? Answer both questions in a well-organized essay. Support your ideas with text evidence. 


Writing Prompt

What helped Ezra achieve his goal of competing in Tokyo? What motivates him to continue pursuing his dreams? Answer both questions in a well-organized essay. Support your ideas with text evidence. 


This article was originally published in the April 2023 issue.

This article was originally published in the April 2023 issue.

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Activities (18)
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Step-by-Step Lesson Plan

Close Reading, Critical Thinking, Skill Building

Essential Questions: How can we overcome obstacles? What drives innovation? How do advances in technology affect our lives?

Essential Questions: How can we overcome obstacles? What drives innovation? How do advances in technology affect our lives?

1. PREPARING TO READ (30 MINUTES)

Do-Now: Journal and Discuss (10 minutes)

  • Project the following on your whiteboard:

Choose one of the following prompts to respond to in your journal or on a piece of paper:

  1. Write about a time you practiced a skill (in or out of school) and got better.
  2. Write about a time you achieved a goal. How did you do it? How did you feel?
  3. Have you ever felt like giving up at something you wanted to get better at? How did you handle the situation? 
  4. What are some short-term and long-term goals you have (in or out of school)?
  5. What obstacles are you encountering as you work toward one of your current goals?


  • Invite volunteers to share their reflections. Then tell students that today they will read about one of Team USA’s youngest stars, whose goal is to win a gold medal in the Paralympic Games. 

Watch a Video (10 minutes)

  • Watch the Beyond the Story video, which takes students to California to meet Ezra Frech, the subject of the article. Have students respond to the Video Discussion Questions (available in your Resources tab) in small groups or as a class. 

Preview Vocabulary (10 minutes)

  • Project the Vocabulary: Definitions and Practice. Review the definitions as a class. Highlighted words: agile, congenital, crude, culmination, innovation, propelling, refine, unrelenting. Optionally, print or share the interactive link directly to your LMS and have students preview the words and complete the activity before class. Audio pronunciations of the words and a read-aloud are embedded in the interactive slides.

Do-Now: Journal and Discuss (10 minutes)

  • Project the following on your whiteboard:

Choose one of the following prompts to respond to in your journal or on a piece of paper:

  1. Write about a time you practiced a skill (in or out of school) and got better.
  2. Write about a time you achieved a goal. How did you do it? How did you feel?
  3. Have you ever felt like giving up at something you wanted to get better at? How did you handle the situation? 
  4. What are some short-term and long-term goals you have (in or out of school)?
  5. What obstacles are you encountering as you work toward one of your current goals?


  • Invite volunteers to share their reflections. Then tell students that today they will read about one of Team USA’s youngest stars, whose goal is to win a gold medal in the Paralympic Games. 

Watch a Video (10 minutes)

  • Watch the Beyond the Story video, which takes students to California to meet Ezra Frech, the subject of the article. Have students respond to the Video Discussion Questions (available in your Resources tab) in small groups or as a class. 

Preview Vocabulary (10 minutes)

  • Project the Vocabulary: Definitions and Practice. Review the definitions as a class. Highlighted words: agile, congenital, crude, culmination, innovation, propelling, refine, unrelenting. Optionally, print or share the interactive link directly to your LMS and have students preview the words and complete the activity before class. Audio pronunciations of the words and a read-aloud are embedded in the interactive slides.

2. READING AND DISCUSSING (45 MINUTES)

  • Invite a volunteer to read the As You Read box on page 5 of the magazine or at the top of the digital story page.
  • Read the article once as a class. (Differentiation: Share the lower-Lexile version or the Spanish version of the article.) Optionally, have students listen to author Alessandra Potenza read her article aloud while they follow along. The audio read-aloud is located in the Resources tab in Teacher View and at the top of the story page in Student View.
  • Divide students into groups to read the article again and respond to the following close-reading and critical-thinking questions. 

Close-Reading Questions (20 minutes)

  • What does it mean to be born to do something? Why do you think the author chose “Born to Run” as the title? (figurative language) If you say someone is born to do something, you mean they possess natural talent or ability for that thing. Potenza may have chosen the title “Born to Run” based on what Ezra said about watching the 2016 Paralympic Games: “It was like the universe was telling me, ‘This is what you’re meant to do.’” Perhaps another reason Potenza chose “Born to Run” has to do with the way Ezra has defied expectations. He was born with limb differences and it was uncertain whether he’d ever be able to walk, but after surgery and prosthetics, Ezra went on not only to walk but also to become an extraordinary athlete.
  • What made Van Phillips’s prosthetics innovative? (compare and contrast) Phillips’s prosthetics were innovative because rather than being designed to closely resemble their human body counterparts, like prosthetics of the past, they were designed with function as their foremost goal. Not focusing on appearance gave Phillips freedom to think outside the box: He used strong, lightweight materials and engineered completely new shapes. This original thinking took artificial limbs from clumsy, heavy, and uncomfortable devices to devices that enable users to move with comfort, speed, stability, and power. Potenza writes that Phillips’s Flex-Foot Cheetah design “can function as well as ligaments and bones and tendons—maybe even better.” 
  • How did participating in sports affect Ezra as he was growing up? (key ideas and details) For one thing, sports were something Ezra was very good at and loved doing, which must have given him a sense of accomplishment, pride, and satisfaction. Participating in sports also helped Ezra make friends and gave him a sense of belonging. In addition, sports gave him an escape from thinking about the ways in which he was different from his classmates. 
  • What important lesson did Ezra learn while he was training for the Paralympics? (key ideas and details) Ezra learned that while working hard is an important part of succeeding as an athlete, it’s just as important to rest and take care of your body. After suffering an overuse injury, Ezra took time off to recover and then, with the help of a coach, learned how to safely train and get the rest his body needed. Once he began doing this, his performance improved greatly. 
  • How has Ezra coped with failing to win the medal he’d hoped for in the high jump? (key ideas and details) At first, Ezra was devastated by his mistake and his failure to medal in the high jump. Now Ezra uses his loss “as fuel, energizing him to look to the future.” In other words, instead of allowing his failure to discourage him, he is using his failure as motivation to keep working hard and try again to achieve his goal.

Critical-Thinking Questions (5 minutes)

  • What character traits do you think Ezra has that helped him achieve his goal of competing in the Tokyo Paralympics? Answers will vary but students will likely cite Ezra’s determination, passion, perseverance, courage, dedication, and resilience.
  • How might Ezra's story be helpful to others who face challenges in their lives? Answers will vary, but students may offer that if someone else facing challenges learns about Ezra and the obstacles he has overcome, they might feel a sense of hope and inspiration to continue working through whatever they are facing. 

  • Invite a volunteer to read the As You Read box on page 5 of the magazine or at the top of the digital story page.
  • Read the article once as a class. (Differentiation: Share the lower-Lexile version or the Spanish version of the article.) Optionally, have students listen to author Alessandra Potenza read her article aloud while they follow along. The audio read-aloud is located in the Resources tab in Teacher View and at the top of the story page in Student View.
  • Divide students into groups to read the article again and respond to the following close-reading and critical-thinking questions. 

Close-Reading Questions (20 minutes)

  • What does it mean to be born to do something? Why do you think the author chose “Born to Run” as the title? (figurative language) If you say someone is born to do something, you mean they possess natural talent or ability for that thing. Potenza may have chosen the title “Born to Run” based on what Ezra said about watching the 2016 Paralympic Games: “It was like the universe was telling me, ‘This is what you’re meant to do.’” Perhaps another reason Potenza chose “Born to Run” has to do with the way Ezra has defied expectations. He was born with limb differences and it was uncertain whether he’d ever be able to walk, but after surgery and prosthetics, Ezra went on not only to walk but also to become an extraordinary athlete.
  • What made Van Phillips’s prosthetics innovative? (compare and contrast) Phillips’s prosthetics were innovative because rather than being designed to closely resemble their human body counterparts, like prosthetics of the past, they were designed with function as their foremost goal. Not focusing on appearance gave Phillips freedom to think outside the box: He used strong, lightweight materials and engineered completely new shapes. This original thinking took artificial limbs from clumsy, heavy, and uncomfortable devices to devices that enable users to move with comfort, speed, stability, and power. Potenza writes that Phillips’s Flex-Foot Cheetah design “can function as well as ligaments and bones and tendons—maybe even better.” 
  • How did participating in sports affect Ezra as he was growing up? (key ideas and details) For one thing, sports were something Ezra was very good at and loved doing, which must have given him a sense of accomplishment, pride, and satisfaction. Participating in sports also helped Ezra make friends and gave him a sense of belonging. In addition, sports gave him an escape from thinking about the ways in which he was different from his classmates. 
  • What important lesson did Ezra learn while he was training for the Paralympics? (key ideas and details) Ezra learned that while working hard is an important part of succeeding as an athlete, it’s just as important to rest and take care of your body. After suffering an overuse injury, Ezra took time off to recover and then, with the help of a coach, learned how to safely train and get the rest his body needed. Once he began doing this, his performance improved greatly. 
  • How has Ezra coped with failing to win the medal he’d hoped for in the high jump? (key ideas and details) At first, Ezra was devastated by his mistake and his failure to medal in the high jump. Now Ezra uses his loss “as fuel, energizing him to look to the future.” In other words, instead of allowing his failure to discourage him, he is using his failure as motivation to keep working hard and try again to achieve his goal.

Critical-Thinking Questions (5 minutes)

  • What character traits do you think Ezra has that helped him achieve his goal of competing in the Tokyo Paralympics? Answers will vary but students will likely cite Ezra’s determination, passion, perseverance, courage, dedication, and resilience.
  • How might Ezra's story be helpful to others who face challenges in their lives? Answers will vary, but students may offer that if someone else facing challenges learns about Ezra and the obstacles he has overcome, they might feel a sense of hope and inspiration to continue working through whatever they are facing. 

3. SKILL BUILDING AND WRITING (30 MINUTES)

  • Have students complete the Writing Planner: Ezra’s Dreams. This activity will help them organize their ideas in preparation for the activity on page 9 in the printed magazine and at the bottom of the digital story page. 
  • Alternatively, have students choose a culminating task from the Choice Board, a menu of differentiated activities.

  • Have students complete the Writing Planner: Ezra’s Dreams. This activity will help them organize their ideas in preparation for the activity on page 9 in the printed magazine and at the bottom of the digital story page. 
  • Alternatively, have students choose a culminating task from the Choice Board, a menu of differentiated activities.

4. CONNECTED READING

5. SUPPORT FOR MULTILINGUAL LEARNERS

These questions are designed to help students respond to the text at a level that’s right for them.

Yes/No Questions

Ask students to demonstrate comprehension with a very simple answer.

  1. Was Ezra born with a condition that affects his limbs? Yes, he was.
  2. Is a blade meant to look like a human leg? No, it’s not.
  3. Did Ezra achieve his dream of competing in the Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Japan? Yes, he did.
  4. Did Ezra win a medal in the high jump event? No, he didn’t. 
  5. Is Ezra training for next year’s Paralympic Games in Paris, France? Yes, he is.

Either/Or Questions

Encourage students to use language from the question in their answer.

  1. Are prosthetic body parts a new invention, or have they been used since ancient times? Prosthetic body parts have been used since ancient times. 
  2. Did Van Phillips like the way prosthetics worked, or did he want to improve them? Van Phillips wanted to improve prosthetics. 
  3. Did playing sports growing up have a positive effect on Ezra or a negative one? Playing sports growing up had a positive effect on Ezra. 
  4. Is Ezra’s best event running or the high jump? Ezra’s best event is the high jump.
  5. After Ezra got a coach, did his performance improve or get worse? After Ezra got a coach, his performance greatly improved.

Short-Answer Questions

Challenge students to produce simple answers on their own.

  1. What inspired Ezra to compete in the Paralympic Games? Ezra was inspired to compete in the Paralympic Games after he watched the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on television. 
  2. How does Ezra use his loss at the Tokyo games today? Ezra uses his loss to energize himself and remind himself of his goal as he trains for the next Paralympic Games, in Paris, France.

Language-Acquisition Springboard: Review words that express feelings to help students discuss the article.

In the article, the author describes how Ezra felt at several key points in his journey. After reading, ask the following questions about how Ezra felt. Tell students they can answer with words from the article or with their own words. Encourage them to volunteer words from their native languages and to act out the words to help clarify the meanings. 

  1. How did Ezra feel the first time he ran with a blade? free
  2. Growing up, how did Ezra feel when he played sports? better, happy, accepted, secure
  3. How did Ezra feel when he injured his right leg and had to stop training? scared
  4. How did Ezra feel when he arrived in Tokyo, Japan? ready, exhilarated, excited
  5. How did Ezra feel after he didn’t win a medal? disappointed, crushed
  6. How does Ezra feel about the Paralympic Games in Paris, France? determined, positive

These questions are designed to help students respond to the text at a level that’s right for them.

Yes/No Questions

Ask students to demonstrate comprehension with a very simple answer.

  1. Was Ezra born with a condition that affects his limbs? Yes, he was.
  2. Is a blade meant to look like a human leg? No, it’s not.
  3. Did Ezra achieve his dream of competing in the Paralympic Games in Tokyo, Japan? Yes, he did.
  4. Did Ezra win a medal in the high jump event? No, he didn’t. 
  5. Is Ezra training for next year’s Paralympic Games in Paris, France? Yes, he is.

Either/Or Questions

Encourage students to use language from the question in their answer.

  1. Are prosthetic body parts a new invention, or have they been used since ancient times? Prosthetic body parts have been used since ancient times. 
  2. Did Van Phillips like the way prosthetics worked, or did he want to improve them? Van Phillips wanted to improve prosthetics. 
  3. Did playing sports growing up have a positive effect on Ezra or a negative one? Playing sports growing up had a positive effect on Ezra. 
  4. Is Ezra’s best event running or the high jump? Ezra’s best event is the high jump.
  5. After Ezra got a coach, did his performance improve or get worse? After Ezra got a coach, his performance greatly improved.

Short-Answer Questions

Challenge students to produce simple answers on their own.

  1. What inspired Ezra to compete in the Paralympic Games? Ezra was inspired to compete in the Paralympic Games after he watched the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on television. 
  2. How does Ezra use his loss at the Tokyo games today? Ezra uses his loss to energize himself and remind himself of his goal as he trains for the next Paralympic Games, in Paris, France.

Language-Acquisition Springboard: Review words that express feelings to help students discuss the article.

In the article, the author describes how Ezra felt at several key points in his journey. After reading, ask the following questions about how Ezra felt. Tell students they can answer with words from the article or with their own words. Encourage them to volunteer words from their native languages and to act out the words to help clarify the meanings. 

  1. How did Ezra feel the first time he ran with a blade? free
  2. Growing up, how did Ezra feel when he played sports? better, happy, accepted, secure
  3. How did Ezra feel when he injured his right leg and had to stop training? scared
  4. How did Ezra feel when he arrived in Tokyo, Japan? ready, exhilarated, excited
  5. How did Ezra feel after he didn’t win a medal? disappointed, crushed
  6. How does Ezra feel about the Paralympic Games in Paris, France? determined, positive
Text-to-Speech