Collage of four sensational fake news headlines designed to illustrate clickbait and misinformation
David Crane/MediaNews Group/Los Angeles Daily News via Getty Images (Lebron James); Shutterstock.com (all other images)

Can You Trust These Posts? (Nope!)

Misleading and straight-up fake content is taking over your feed. Here’s what you can do about it.

By Kristin Lewis and Jane Nussbaum
From the October 2026 Issue

Learning Objective: Students will synthesize ideas from a nonfiction text and a folktale.

Lexiles: 960L, 780L

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Can You Trust These Posts? (Nope!)

Misleading and straight-up fake content is taking over your feed. Here’s what you can do about it.

Over the years, the Scope team has written hundreds of news articles. You trust us, we hope, to craft stories for you that are accurate and true. 

We take your trust very seriously. Our articles are the results of weeks and sometimes months of research.

But how would you feel if you found out that much of what you read in Scope was inaccurate, wildly exaggerated, or outright lies? You would probably be outraged. 

Scope editors would never intentionally publish a fake or misleading story, but right now, that kind of content is increasingly common on social media. Your feed is full of posts designed to lure you into clicking and sharing, often by using shocking headlines (“Man Survives 10 Lightning Strikes!”) or appealing to strong emotions, like fear (“Is Your Toothbrush Poisoning You?!”). 

And it works.

In fact, experts warn that America is facing a growing information crisis. More and more people are getting most of their news from social media sites like TikTok and YouTube. At the same time, “it’s never been more difficult to figure out what’s real and what’s credible online,” says Hannah Covington of the News Literacy Project, an organization devoted to training students to think critically about the news.

 That’s a serious problem because what you consume online shapes how you see the world. It influences the products you buy, the causes you support, and the way you understand major events. When false or misleading information spreads, it can distort reality—for you and millions of others.  

Every day, you scroll past posts, videos, and headlines all claiming to be true. Many of them are. But some of them aren’t. So how do you know who and what to trust?

Over the years, the Scope team has written hundreds of news articles. We hope you trust us to write stories that are accurate and true. We take your trust seriously. Our articles are the results of weeks and sometimes months of research.

But what if you found out that what you read in Scope was inaccurate, wildly exaggerated, or outright lies? How would you feel? You would probably be outraged.

Scope editors would never intentionally publish a fake or misleading story. But that kind of content is common on social media. Your feed is full of posts designed to get you to click and share. They use shocking headlines, such as “Man Survives 10 Lightning Strikes!” Or they appeal to strong emotions, like fear, such as “Is Your Toothbrush Poisoning You?!” 

And it works.

Experts warn that America is facing an information crisis. More and more people are getting most of their news from social media sites like TikTok and YouTube. And “it’s never been more difficult to figure out what’s real and what’s credible online,” says Hannah Covington. She’s with the News Literacy Project. It trains students to think critically about the news.

Not being able to figure out what’s real online is a serious problem. That’s because what you consume online shapes how you see the world. It influences the products you buy, the causes you support, and the way you understand major events. When false or misleading information spreads, it can distort reality—for you and millions of others.

Every day, you scroll past posts, videos, and headlines all claiming to be true. Many of them are. But some of them aren’t. So how do you know who and what to trust?

Anyone Can Post

Anyone Can Post

When your parents and grandparents were your age, most people got their information from reputable newspapers like The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal and from nightly news broadcasts by major TV networks. Media companies employed professional journalists who did thorough research and composed fact-based articles about important events and issues. But these days, you don’t need to be a long-established news source to get a big audience. All you need is a smartphone, a Wi-Fi connection, and a social media account. 

Consider Dylan Page, who calls himself the “News Daddy” and recaps current events in clips with titles like “USA & Europe Break Up?!” His TikTok account has 19.6 million followers—nearly as many as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and CNN combined. As Page’s success shows, the ways people get information are changing. 

According to a 2025 report from Reuters and the University of Oxford, the majority of Americans now get their news mainly from social media. It’s hardly surprising—platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook offer an easy way to stay up-to-date. But the information they provide can be unreliable. For example, in a 2022 study, fact-checking experts found that 20 percent of TikTok’s suggested videos about major news events contained misinformation—incorrect or misleading information. (When false information is spread on purpose to confuse or deceive people, it’s called disinformation.) 

And that was before the rise of generative AI (artificial intelligence). A wave of powerful, simple-to-use tools such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, and DALL-E have made it possible for just about anyone to manipulate photos and videos—or generate realistic-looking fakes—using AI. Today people’s feeds are full of “breaking news” reports of events that never took place: images of an earthquake devastating the Pacific Northwest or footage of a world leader announcing their country has been attacked. 

People engage with these legitimate-seeming posts—clicking, commenting, reposting. The content gets viewed and shared hundreds of thousands of times.

That means big bucks for the people who created them.

When your parents and grandparents were your age, most people got their information from reputable sources. They read newspapers like The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. They watched nightly news broadcasts by major TV networks. Media companies employed professional journalists. They did thorough research. They composed fact-based articles. The articles were about important events and issues. But these days, you don’t need to be a long-established news source to get a big audience. You just need a smartphone, a Wi-Fi connection, and a social media account.

Consider Dylan Page. He calls himself the “News Daddy.” He recaps current events in short clips. They have titles like “USA & Europe Break Up?!” His TikTok account has 19.6 million followers. That’s nearly as many as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and CNN combined. This shows that the way people get information is changing.

Now, most Americans get their news mainly from social media. That’s according to a 2025 report from Reuters and the University of Oxford. It’s hardly surprising. Platforms like TikTok, Instagram, and Facebook offer an easy way to stay up-to-date. But the information they provide can be unreliable. In a 2022 study, fact-checking experts found that 20 percent of TikTok’s suggested videos about major news events contained misinformation.That’s incorrect or misleading information. (Sometimes false information is spread on purpose to confuse or deceive people. That’s called disinformation.)

And that study was done before the rise of generative AI (artificial intelligence). Now, simple-to-use tools such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, and DALL-E make it possible for just about anyone to use AI to manipulate photos and videos. They can also make realistic-looking fakes. Today people’s feeds are full of “breaking news” about events that never took place. It could be images of an earthquake in the Pacific Northwest. Or it could show a world leader announcing their country has been attacked.

People think the posts are legitimate. They click, comment, and repost. The content gets viewed and shared hundreds of thousands of times.

That means big bucks for the people who created them.

Getting Rich

Getting Rich

When you click on or share a post or video on social media, the person or company that published it can make money. That’s why content often contains shocking or outrageous claims. Creators know that sparking strong emotions—such as fear or anger—makes users more likely to click and share. The more people who do, the more money the creator earns.

In other words, there’s a strong incentive for dishonest companies and creators to post exaggerated (or downright false) news reports. That’s a key reason there is so much unreliable information out there. 

To make matters worse, social media platforms are designed to reward engagement, boosting posts that get a lot of clicks, shares, and comments. That means when sensationalized news reports are posted on social media, they often get promoted more than cautious, truthful reporting. This can lead to a dangerous cycle.

What we see in our feeds shapes our view of the world. If our minds are filled with misinformation, our sense of reality can become skewed.

When you click on or share a post or video on social media, the person or company that published it can make money. That’s why content often contains shocking or outrageous claims. Creators know that strong emotions—such as fear or anger—make users more likely to click and share. The more people who do, the more money the creator earns.

So there’s a strong incentive for dishonest companies and creators to post exaggerated (or false) news reports. That’s a key reason there is so much unreliable information out there.

To make matters worse, social media platforms are designed to reward engagement. They boost posts that get a lot of clicks, shares, and comments. So sensationalized news reports on social media are often promoted more than truthful reporting. This can lead to a dangerous cycle.

What we see in our feeds shapes our view of the world. If our minds are filled with misinformation, our sense of reality can become skewed

History of Lies

History of Lies

False and misleading news reports are nothing new. They have been a problem since the introduction of the printing press in Europe in 1439. In the centuries that followed, outrageous stories preyed upon people’s fears about the unknown and their grief after tragedies. There were reports of monsters devouring sailors at sea and claims that sinners were to blame for natural disasters.

Wildly inaccurate stories were a problem in early America too. During the American Revolution, Benjamin Franklin, one of our nation’s founders, helped spread fabricated claims to boost support for the war. Hoping to stoke fear and anger among colonists, he falsely portrayed Indigenous groups as violent allies of the British in some of his writing.

After the Civil War, things got worse. The U.S. population was growing, and more people were learning how to read. At the same time, technologies like the telegraph and the high-speed electric printing press were making it possible to churn out stories faster than ever. Suddenly, there were a lot more people with an appetite for written news. In response, many newspapers sprang up—some more honest than others.

Like individuals and organizations that post sensationalized content today, these papers made money by getting as many readers as possible. Less-honest newspapers competed with each other by exaggerating stories or flat out making them up. Quotes came from interviews that were never conducted and “experts” who weren’t experts at all. This type of sensational reporting came to be known as “yellow journalism.”

False and misleading news reports are nothing new. They have been a problem since 1439. That’s when the printing press was first used in Europe. In the centuries that followed, outrageous stories preyed on people’s fears and sadness. There were reports of monsters eating sailors at sea. There were claims that sinners were to blame for natural disasters.

Wildly inaccurate stories were a problem in early America too. Benjamin Franklin was one of our nation’s founders. During the American Revolution, he helped spread fabricated claims to create support for the war. He falsely portrayed Indigenous groups as violent allies of the British in his writing. He hoped this would spread fear among colonists.

After the Civil War, things got worse. The U.S. population was growing. More people were learning how to read. At the same time, technologies like the telegraph and the high-speed electric printing press were making it possible to churn out stories faster than ever. Suddenly, there were a lot more people who wanted written news. In response, many newspapers sprang up. Some were more honest than others.

Like individuals and organizations that post sensationalized content today, these papers made money by getting as many readers as possible. Less-honest newspapers competed with each other. They exaggerated stories or made them up. Quotes came from interviews that were never conducted. “Experts” in the stories weren’t experts at all. This type of sensational reporting came to be known as “yellow journalism.

The Trusted Journalist

The Trusted Journalist

Eventually, the public developed a distaste for yellow journalism. Serious newspapers gained readers by building a reputation for fair and honest reporting. By the mid-20th century, a golden era of journalism had begun.

Television news programs prided themselves on rigorous research and diligent fact-checking. Print journalists became heroes for uncovering the truth. On-screen anchors like Walter Cronkite were respected household names.

Journalists aimed to keep their personal feelings out of their stories. It was up to readers to form their own opinions. If a journalist lied or misrepresented the truth, the consequences were severe.
The journalist’s reputation would be ruined and their career destroyed. This is still typically the case at serious news organizations today.

But people who make money posting inaccurate or misleading information online often face no consequences at all.

Eventually, the public turned against yellow journalism. Serious newspapers gained readers by building a reputation for fair and honest reporting. By the mid-20th century, a golden era of journalism had begun.

Television news programs prided themselves on rigorous research and diligent fact-checking. Print journalists became heroes for uncovering the truth. On-screen anchors like Walter Cronkite were respected household names.

Journalists aimed to keep their personal feelings out of their stories. It was up to readers to form their own opinions. If a journalist lied or misrepresented the truth, the consequences were severe. The journalist’s reputation would be ruined. Their career was destroyed. This is still the case at serious news organizations today.

But people who make money posting inaccurate or misleading information online often face no consequences at all.

Up to Us

Up to Us

Some tech companies have taken steps to combat misleading content. They use both automated systems and human reviewers to identify deceptive posts and reduce their reach. Platforms like YouTube and TikTok also require creators to label certain images and videos that were generated or altered using AI. But these efforts aren’t perfect. They can’t completely stop the spread of misinformation. That responsibility belongs to all of us—and it starts with knowing how to spot unreliable material. 

So how do you do that? Like a detective searching for evidence to solve a crime, you can look for clues that help you decide whether a post, video, or podcast contains trustworthy information. Start by asking yourself these questions:

Does the language seem purposefully sensationalized? Exaggerated claims and titles are often signs of disinformation. Lisa Manganello, a school librarian who teaches media literacy at South Brunswick High School in New Jersey, suggests analyzing the tone of a post before you engage with it. Does it imply you might be in danger if you don’t click (“This is crazy!,” “Beware!”)? Does the title seem to steer you to feel a certain way? These are often signs that the content is clickbait—or worse, disinformation. 

Is it well researched? A reliable news report generally includes multiple sources of information. For example, a post about the health effects of energy drinks should include information from major studies and quotes from doctors or medical experts.

Can the details be verified by other sources? Confirm that what you read or watch is factual before you share it, says Covington of the News Literacy Project. Snopes.com, FactCheck.org, and PolitiFact.com are good places to start.

Could this be AI-generated? If something seems off about a photo or video, AI could be the explanation. To help identify an AI-generated image, look closely at the details, says Devon Tutak of the National Association for Media Literacy Education. If you notice gibberish lettering on a sign in the background or extra fingers on a person’s hand, that’s an obvious clue. For video, listen for speech that seems too fast or too slow, an unnatural-sounding voice, or audio that doesn’t line up with the speaker’s mouth. Unusual facial or body movements are also red flags.

These questions will help you think critically about online content. But what should you do if you suspect something is bogus or misleading? For starters, avoid clicking. Don’t comment or share. Engaging with it will only make it more likely that the app will promote that content to others—and show you posts from that same creator in the future.  

In an era of unreliable information, defending fact-based journalism is a job for all of us. 

And sometimes the most powerful thing you can do is nothing at all.

Some tech companies have taken steps to combat misleading content. They use automated systems to identify deceptive posts and reduce their reach. They use human reviewers too. Platforms like YouTube and TikTok require creators to label images and videos that were generated or altered using AI. But these efforts aren’t perfect. They can’t completely stop the spread of misinformation. That responsibility belongs to all of us. It starts with knowing how to spot unreliable material.

So how do you do that? You act like a detective searching for evidence to solve a crime. You look for clues. They help you decide whether a post, video, or podcast contains trustworthy information. Start by asking yourself these questions:

Does the language seem purposefully sensationalized? Exaggerated claims and titles are often signs of disinformation. Lisa Manganello is a school librarian. She teaches media literacy at South Brunswick High School in New Jersey. She suggests analyzing the tone of a post before you engage with it. Does it suggest you might be in danger if you don’t click (“This is crazy!,” “Beware!”)? Does the title try to make you feel a certain way? These are often signs that the content is clickbait—or worse, disinformation.

Is it well researched? A reliable news report generally includes multiple sources of information. For example, a post about the health effects of energy drinks should include information from major studies. It should include quotes from doctors or medical experts.

Can the details be verified by other sources? Confirm that what you read or watch is factual before you share it, says Covington of the News Literacy Project. Snopes.com, FactCheck.org, and PolitiFact.com are good places to start.

Could this be AI-generated? If something seems off about a photo or video, AI could be the explanation. To help identify an AI-generated image, look closely at the details, says Devon Tutak. She’s with the National Association for Media Literacy Education. Gibberish lettering on a sign in the background can be an obvious clue. So are extra fingers on a person’s hand. For video, listen for speech that seems too fast or too slow. Listen for an unnatural-sounding voice or audio that doesn’t line up with the speaker’s mouth. Unusual facial or body movements are also red flags.

These questions will help you think critically about online content. But what if you think something is false or misleading? Avoid clicking it. Don’t comment or share. Engaging with it will only make it more likely that the app will promote that content to others. And it will show you posts from that same creator in the future.

Today defending fact-based journalism is a job for all of us. And sometimes the best thing you can do is nothing at all. 

The Story That Got Away 

In this famous folktale, a harmless piece of gossip turns out to be not so harmless after all.

Shutterstock.com

Rugelach [ROO-guh-luh] is a delicious pastry. It means “little twists” in Yiddish.

In a small village lived a boy named Yankel who loved to tell stories. Not his own stories, mind you. Yankel found other people’s stories more interesting. And because his father owned the village store, and the store was where everyone gathered to trade news, Yankel overheard many stories, which he took pride in repeating.

One day in his father’s store, Yankel heard the baker Reb Wulff laughing. “Can you believe what I did? I lost my glasses!” And so Reb Wulff let out a thunderous whoop. “I put salt in the rugelach, not sugar! Salt! Like stones those rugelach would have tasted!”

Everyone erupted in laughter. 

Yankel slipped out to tell his friends, so he never heard Reb Wulff tell how his wife discovered his mistake and made him throw away the dough. “Even the chickens would not eat it,” Reb Wulff had said.

At the schoolyard, Yankel told his friends his latest story. “Reb Wulff put salt in the rugelach. Not sugar! Salt! Imagine that!” Yankel said. “Those rugelach tasted like stones!”

“Yech!” said Yankel’s friends. “We’ll never eat anything from Reb Wulff’s bakery again!”

And then Yankel’s friends ran off to repeat the story.

In a small village lived a boy named Yankel. He loved to tell stories. Not his own stories, mind you. Yankel found other people’s stories more interesting. His father owned the village store. Everyone gathered there to trade news. Yankel overheard many stories. He took pride in repeating them.

One day in his father’s store, Yankel heard the baker Reb Wulff laughing. “Can you believe what I did? I lost my glasses!” Then Reb Wulff laughed. “I put salt in the rugelach, not sugar! Salt! Like stones those rugelach
 would have tasted!”

Everyone laughed.

Yankel slipped out to tell his friends. So he never heard Reb Wulff tell how his wife discovered his mistake and made him throw away the dough. “Even the chickens would not eat it,” Reb Wulff had said.

At the schoolyard, Yankel told his friends his latest story. “Reb Wulff put salt in the rugelach. Not sugar! Salt! Imagine that!” Yankel said. “Those rugelach tasted like stones!”

“Yech!” said Yankel’s friends. “We’ll never eat anything from Reb Wulff’s bakery again!”

And then Yankel’s friends ran off to repeat the story.

Later that day, as Yankel hurried back to his father’s store, he did not notice that the bakery was empty—except for the rabbi, who was biting into rugelach so sweet and tender it melted in his mouth.

 “Yankel!” the rabbi called. “I have a job for you. Come with me.”

Yankel followed the rabbi to his house. There, the rabbi presented a brown sack to Yankel.

Yankel peered inside. “This sack is full of feathers.” 

“I want you to put one feather on every doorstep in the village,” the rabbi said.

“On every doorstep? Why?”

“You will see soon enough.”

Yankel laid a feather on the doorstep of his father’s store. He dropped the feather, not bothering to see where it landed. He did the same thing at the houses of Levi the tailor, Mendel the butcher, and Reb Wulff the baker. Yankel did not feel the gust of wind that sent a cloud of feathers swirling behind him. He kept dropping feathers until he’d gone to every house in the village.

As Yankel hurried back to his father’s store, he did not notice that the bakery was empty—except for the rabbi, who was biting into rugelach so sweet and tender it melted in his mouth.

“Yankel!” the rabbi called. “I have a job for you. Come with me.”

Yankel followed the rabbi to his house. There, the rabbi gave a brown sack to Yankel.

Yankel peered inside. “This sack is full of feathers.”

“I want you to put one feather on every doorstep in the village,” the rabbi said.

“On every doorstep? Why?”

“You will see soon enough.”

Yankel put a feather on the doorstep of his father’s store. He dropped the feather, not bothering to see where it landed. He did the same thing at the houses of Levi the tailor, Mendel the butcher, and Reb Wulff the baker. Yankel did not feel the gust of wind that sent a cloud of feathers swirling behind him. He kept dropping feathers until he’d gone to every house in the village.

Back at the rabbi ’s house, Yankel held out the empty sack. 

“Now bring all the feathers back to me,” the rabbi said. “But hurry, for soon it will be dark.”

Yankel felt queasy. How would he find all the feathers before dark? 

But off he went. At the house of Levi the tailor, he slipped and landed in a cold puddle. He didn’t find a feather. At the house of Mendel the butcher, Yankel tripped on a loose cobblestone and tore his trousers. He didn’t find a feather. At the house of Reb Wulff the baker, he didn’t find a feather. But the window was open, and he heard Reb Wulff’s wife say, “What bad luck you sold so little today. We barely make ends meet as it is. And after you had to throw out all that batter!”

Back at the rabbi ’s house, Yankel held out the empty sack.

“Now bring all the feathers back to me,” the rabbi said. “But hurry, for soon it will be dark.”

Yankel felt queasy. How would he find all the feathers before dark?

But off he went. At the house of Levi the tailor, he slipped and landed in a cold puddle. He didn’t find a feather. At the house of Mendel the butcher, Yankel tripped on a loose cobblestone. He tore his trousers. He didn’t find a feather. At the house of Reb Wulff the baker, he didn’t find a feather. But the window was open. He heard Reb Wulff’s wife say, “What bad luck you sold so little today. We barely make ends meet as it is. And after you had to throw out all that batter!”

The sun had set by the time Yankel returned to the rabbi’s house. A full moon lit the sky. The silvery stars looked like the feathers he’d lost that afternoon. He was tired, hungry, and very unhappy.

“Show me what you have,” the rabbi said.

“I found no feathers,” Yankel said. “They are gone. I cannot get them back.”

“And so it is with the stories you spread,” the rabbi said, motioning Yankel to the table, where a bowl of steaming soup, a thick slice of bread, and a plate of rugelach awaited. “Once you tell a story, you cannot take it back. It goes where it goes, and you cannot say where or how or when. Think of that next time you tell a story.”

Yankel finished his bread and soup. Then he ate all the rugelach, which seemed unusually tender and sweet. He thanked the rabbi for the lesson and left.

The sun had set by the time Yankel returned to the rabbi’s house. A full moon lit the sky. The silvery stars looked like the feathers he’d lost that afternoon. He was tired, hungry, and very unhappy.

“Show me what you have,” the rabbi said.

“I found no feathers,” Yankel said. “They are gone. I cannot get them back.”

“And so it is with the stories you spread,” the rabbi said. He motioned Yankel to the table. A bowl of steaming soup, a thick slice of bread, and a plate of rugelach awaited. “Once you tell a story, you cannot take it back. It goes where it goes. You cannot say where or how or when. Think of that next time you tell a story.”

Yankel finished his bread and soup. Then he ate all the rugelach. It seemed unusually tender and sweet. He thanked the rabbi for the lesson and left.

As he made his way home, Yankel knew what stories he would tell his schoolmates the next day. 

First, the story of Reb Wulff the baker, whose wife made him throw out the salty dough and who then baked the sweetest rugelach Yankel had ever tasted. Then he would tell his own story, the story of a boy who went looking for feathers that blew away in the wind.

As he made his way home, Yankel knew what stories he would tell his schoolmates the next day.

First, the story of Reb Wulff the baker, whose wife made him throw out the salty dough and who then baked the sweetest rugelach Yankel had ever tasted. Then he would tell his own story, the story of a boy who went looking for feathers that blew away in the wind. 

Copyright ©2006, adapted from A Sack Full of Feathers by Debby Waldman, used by permission of Orca Book Publishers.

Copyright ©2006, adapted from A Sack Full of Feathers by Debby Waldman, used by permission of Orca Book Publishers.

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Writing Prompt

Create a video, poster, or social media carousel that teaches others what misinformation is, why it’s a problem, and how to spot it.

Writing Prompt

Create a video, poster, or social media carousel that teaches others what misinformation is, why it’s a problem, and how to spot it.


This article was originally published in the October 2026 issue.

This article was originally published in the October 2026 issue.

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