Article
Allan Davey

Hunting a Snake-Headed Monster

A thrilling play based on the Greek myth of Perseus and Medusa. 

By Jennifer Dignan and Spencer Kayden
From the September 2018 Issue

Learning Objective: to identify the character traits of a hero of Greek mythology

Lexiles: 960L (captions)
Other Key Skills: character motivation, inference, text evidence, interpreting text
Topic: Mythology,
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AS YOU READ

What qualities help Perseus in his quest to defeat Medusa?

Scene 1

SD1: Stage lights come up to reveal a small courtyard where Danae is lovingly tending her garden.

SD2: King Polydectes strides in. The jewels on his velvet robe sparkle in the sun, creating blinding rays of light.  

King: Danae!

SD3: Danae clenches her jaw.

Danae: Good afternoon, King Polydectes.

SD1: The king looks at Danae’s simple house.

King: I could take you away from all this.

Danae: I am quite content with my modest life.

King: Wouldn’t you like money and servants and power? All would be yours if you marry me, Danae. 

Danae: The answer is still no. 

King: I could choose any woman, and I have chosen you. Yet you continue to refuse me! Why?  

Danae: You rule this island as if it existed only to bring you comfort and happiness. People here are suffering, and you do nothing to help them. Why would I want to marry someone like that?

SD2: The king steps toward her menacingly.

King: I could have you thrown into the sea for speaking to me with such disrespect.

SD3: Danae squares her shoulders.

Danae: You don’t frighten me. The gods are on my side.

SD1: The king grips the handle of his sword.

King: Are you sure about that?

SD2: Just then, a young man appears in the doorway.

Perseus: How dare you threaten my mother!

King (sneering): Ah, Perseus. Are the gods on your side too?

Danae (to the king) : Perhaps it is time for you to leave.

King: You will be sorry—both of you.

SD3: The king strides away.

Scene 2

SD1: The king sits on an ornate throne in a large room.

SD2: The king’s advisers stand before him.

Adviser 1: Your majesty, many crops were destroyed in the last storm. People are starving.

Adviser 2: And the road into town is crumbling and—

King: Don’t you know I have bigger problems?

Adviser 1: But sire, with just a bit of gold from the royal treasury, we could help—

King: Silence!

SD3: The king’s eyes burn with fury.

King: I must convince Danae to marry me. The people love her. Marrying her would win me favor.

Adviser 2: But sire, she refuses.

King: Only because that fool Perseus has poisoned her against me. How can I get rid of him?

Adviser 1: You could banish him.

King: No, Danae would never forgive me.

Adviser 2: What if you make Perseus think it’s his own idea to leave?

King (leaning forward): Go on.

Adviser 2: Appeal to his sense of pride. Give him a heroic task.

Adviser 1: Yes! Send him on a quest he cannot possibly resist—or survive.

King: Tell me more . . .

Scene 3

SD1: In a large banquet hall, people line up to see the king.

SD2: They carry jewel-encrusted bowls, marble vases, and other lavish gifts.

SD3: Perseus and Danae are nearing the front of the line.

Perseus (muttering): Must we be here, Mother?

Danae: Yes. We do not want to anger the king.

SD1: They bow to the king.

Perseus: Congratulations on your upcoming marriage.

King: I finally got the message and decided to marry someone else, ha ha!
I hope there are no hard feelings.

Danae: I am sure you and your bride will be very happy.

King: Perseus, what gift have you brought me?

Perseus: Gift?

King: It is customary to bring a gift to a party such as this.

Perseus: Well, I—

King: Everyone else brought a gift.

SD2: A nervous hush falls over the room.

Perseus: I—

King: Are you really so lazy that you have nothing to offer your king?

Perseus: I am not lazy!

King: Really? Hmm.

Perseus (angrily): I will bring you any gift you desire!

King: Any?

Perseus: Any.

King: Then the gift I want is . . .

SD3: The king drums his fingers on his throne.

King: . . . the head of the gorgon Medusa.

Crowd: Gasp!

Danae: Perseus, no! It’s too dangerous.

Perseus: I can do this, Mother.

Danae: Medusa has sharp brass claws. Deadly serpents writhe on her head. Anyone who looks at her turns to stone.

SD1: Perseus looks at his mother. Then his eyes slowly slide back to the king.

Perseus: As you wish, my king.

Danae (pleading ): Perseus, please. Everyone who has challenged Medusa has failed.

Perseus: Then killing this creature means I will become immortal, for my name will be remembered forever.

King (to himself ): No, fool. You will die and be forgotten.

Scene 4

SD2: Perseus trudges across the stage in torn clothes.

SD3: His hair is dirty and unkempt. His arms and legs are scratched and bloody.  

Perseus (to himself ): For 80 days I have wandered, and still I come no closer to finding the gorgon. 

SD1: He collapses beneath an olive tree.

Perseus (looking around): Who knows what wild beasts lurk here in the dark?

SD2: He lifts a jug and tilts it upside down.

Perseus: And now I am out of water. Will the gods let me die here, alone and in agony?

SD3: Voices sound offstage. Perseus cannot hear them.

Athena: Perseus is brave and strong. One day, he will be a great hero.

Hermes: But he is young and full of pride.

Athena: We cannot stand by and watch the son of Zeus meet his demise.

Hermes: You are right. It is time for us to intervene. 

SD1: A strange light shimmers a few feet from Perseus.

SD2: The light fades to reveal Athena and Hermes.

SD3: Athena is tall with sparkling gray eyes. Her suit of armor gleams in the moonlight.

SD1: Hermes wears a long cloak, a golden helmet, and winged sandals.

SD2: Perseus scrambles to his feet.

Perseus: O Athena, great goddess of wisdom and war! O Hermes, great god of travel!

Athena: We have come to help you.

SD3: Perseus throws his shoulders back.

Perseus: Help me? I was merely having a rest.

SD1: Athena smiles knowingly.

Athena: Of course you were. But take this metal shield. It may be useful in your quest.

Perseus: If you insist.

Hermes: Perhaps you can use this sickle. Its blade can slice through any surface.

Perseus: Thank you. Now I will continue on my way.

SD2: Perseus hesitates.

Perseus: As long as you’re here . . . uh . . . do you know where I can find the gorgon Medusa?

Athena: Only the Gray Sisters can tell you that.

Hermes: They live on a cliff by the edge of the sea. We will show you the way.

Athena: But you must face them on your own.

Scene 5

SD3: Three old women sit together on the floor of a cave. Crashing waves can be heard in the background.

SD1: In the shadows, Perseus stands very still, watching.

SD2: The women have stringy hair, hunched backs, and gray, shriveled skin.

SD3: They are blind except for a single eye, which they share, passing it between them.  

SD1: Sister 1 is using the eye to look all around her. She spots something on the ground and seizes it.

Gray Sister 1: Ah! A big, fat juicy beetle!

Gray Sister 2: I want one! Give me the eye!

SD2: Sister 1 crunches happily on the beetle, then plucks the eye from her socket and hands it to Sister 2.

Gray Sister 2: I don’t see anything.

Gray Sister 3: Hurry up! It’s my turn.

SD3: Perseus quietly moves closer.

Gray Sister 3: Don’t ignore me!

Gray Sister 2: Oh, fine! Take the eye.

SD1: Sister 2 removes the eye. As she reaches out to give it to her sister, Perseus snatches it.

Gray Sister 3: Well, where is it?

Gray Sister 2: What do you mean? I just gave it to you.

Gray Sister 3: You lie! My hand is empty!

Gray Sister 1: Did you drop it, you clumsy fool?

Gray Sister 3: No!

Gray Sister 2: Then who has it?

Perseus (stepping forward): I do.

All Gray Sisters: Who’s there?!

Perseus: The man who will throw your eye into the sea unless you answer one question: Where can I find the gorgon Medusa?

Gray Sister 1: We’ll never tell!

Perseus: Then say goodbye to your eye!

All Gray Sisters: Noooooooo!

Gray Sister 2: We’ll tell! We’ll tell!

Gray Sister 3: You must find the nymphs.

Perseus: Where?

SD2: The Sisters crowd around Perseus and whisper in his ear. He returns their eye.

Perseus: Thank you for your help.

SD3: The Sisters grunt angrily and resume their bickering.

Scene 6

SD1: In a field of flowers, the nymphs dance and sing.

SD2: As Perseus enters, two nymphs approach him.

Nymphs 1 & 2: The winds told us you were coming.

Perseus: I am seeking Medusa so that I may cut off her head.

Nymph 1: She is a horrible creature. We would be honored to help you.

Nymph 2: Take these winged sandals. Put them on and you will soar through the air to the gorgons’ cave at the end of the world.

Nymph 1: Take this cloth sack for Medusa’s head, for even once severed, her head will turn you to stone.

Nymph 2: Take this Helmet of Darkness. It will make you invisible to Medusa’s wretched sisters as you escape.

Nymphs 1 & 2: Now go. Be swift. And be brave. 

Perseus: Thank you!

Scene 7

SD3: On one side of the stage is the opening of a cave.

SD1: The cave entrance is littered with dozens of statues—humans and animals that have been turned to stone.

SD2: With his winged sandals, Perseus lands softly on the stage.

SD3: Perseus’s eyes widen at the sight of the statues.

He shivers at their frozen expressions of horror.

Perseus (to himself ): How can I cut off Medusa’s head if I can’t even look at her?

SD1: Perseus catches his reflection in the shield.

Perseus: That’s it!

SD2: Perseus starts walking backward into the cave, using Athena’s shield as a mirror to see behind him.

SD3: Medusa and her sisters are sleeping.

All Gorgons (snoring): Ssssnuughh . . .  Ssssnuughh . . .

SD1: As Perseus gets closer, the snakes on Medusa’s head begin to writhe and hiss.

Snakes: Hisssssssssssssss.

SD2: Medusa opens her eyes. Her hideous face contorts with rage.

Medusa: Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahhhhh!

SD3: Still looking at the reflection in the shield, Perseus raises the sickle and swings it behind him.

SD1: Medusa’s head rolls away from her body.

SD2: Without looking at the head, Perseus grabs it and shoves it into the sack.

SD3: Medusa’s sisters awaken as Perseus rushes out of the cave. 

Gorgon 1: Medusa! What has happened to you?

Gorgon 2: Who has done this dreadful deed?

Gorgon 1 (pointing at Perseus): There he is!

Gorgon 2: You will not escape!

Gorgon 1: We will avenge the death of our sister!

SD1: As the gorgons chase Perseus, he throws the Helmet of Darkness on his head and disappears.

SD2: The gorgons shriek in anger and frustration.

Gorgons 1 & 2: Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahhhhh!    

Scene 8

SD3: Perseus enters the palace of King Polydectes and sees Danae in the hallway outside the throne room.

SD1: She is scrubbing the marble floor. Her skin is pale. 

Perseus: Mother!

SD2: Danae struggles to her feet. 

Danae: My son! I knew you would return. 

SD3: Perseus grabs her red, blistered hands. 

Perseus: What are you doing here? 

Danae: The king never intended to marry someone else. When I continued to refuse him, he stole my home and made me a servant in the palace.

Perseus: This ends now. 

SD1: Perseus bursts through the door, nostrils flaring. 

SD2: The king is sitting on his throne surrounded by his advisers. 

King: Perseus! But . . . how . . . ?

Perseus: Your wedding engagement was a ruse to get rid of me—to trick me into hunting that snake-headed monster!

SD3: The king shrugs.

King: Why have you returned before completing your mission?

Perseus: I did complete my mission.

King: Is that so? Where is the gorgon’s head, then?

All Advisers (snickering): Heh-heh-heh.

SD1: Perseus smiles tightly. 

Perseus: Right here. 

SD2: Perseus whispers to Danae.

Perseus: Shield your eyes, Mother! 

SD3: Perseus yanks Medusa’s head out of the sack.

SD1: The king’s eyes have just enough time to widen before he—and his advisers—turn to stone. 

SD2: Perseus puts the head back into the sack. 

SD3: Danae opens her eyes.

Danae: My son, you have killed a monster with a monster. Your name will indeed be remembered forever.

This article was originally published in the September 2018 issue.

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Answer Key (1)
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Step-by-Step Lesson Plan

Close Reading, Critical Thinking, Skill Building

1. PREPARING TO READ

2. READING AND DISCUSSING (30 minutes)

3. SKILL BUILDING

Differentiated Writing Prompts
For Struggling Readers

Name one character trait that Perseus displays in the play. Give two examples of when he displays the trait.

For Advanced Readers

In an essay, explain why Perseus was considered a hero in ancient Greek times. Then give your personal definition of a hero and explain whether Perseus fits that description.

For On Level Readers
CUSTOMIZED PERFORMANCE TASKS
For Theater Lovers

Choose a scene from the play and bring it to life. Choose a director, a costume designer, a set designer, a sound designer, and actors. Rehearse and perform the scene for your class.

For Myth Fans

Choose another Greek myth and compare it to the myth of Perseus and Medusa. What do the two stories have in common?

Literature Connection: texts that explore the hero’s journey    

Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad 
by Rosemary Sutcliff (retelling of epic poem, “The Illiad.”)    

The Epic of Gilgamesh 
(epic poem)

The Hunger Games series
by Suzanne Collins (novels)  

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