Article
Allan Davey
Drama,

The Tell-Tale Heart

This creepy but super fun play is based on Edgar Allan Poe’s classic tale of murder and madness.

By Mack Lewis
From the September 2016 Issue

Learning Objective: to explore how the author creates a suspenseful mood 

Complexity Factors
  • Purpose
    This classic story examines the distinction between rational and irrational thought.
  • Structure
    The play is chronological but has a past-tense introduction that refers to Poe. The main character alternates between addressing the audience/reader and addressing the other characters.
  • Language Conventionality and Clarity
    Vocabulary: high academic words (vexed, stifled, dissemble) Figurative language: alliteration, rhetorical questions, irony, figures of speech, archaic constructions
  • Knowledge Demands
    Some prior experience with unreliable narrators may be helpful.
Featured Skill: Mood,
Other Key Skills: author’s craft, character, inference, figurative language, character motivation
Common Core Standards
  • Anchor Standards
    R.1, R.3, R.4, R.5, W.2, SL.1, SL.2, L.4, L.5, L.6
  • Grade 6
    RL.6.1, RL.6.3, RL.6.4, RL.6.5, W.6.2, SL.6.1, SL.6.2, L.6.4, L.6.5, L.6.6
  • Grade 7
    RL.7.1, RL.7.3, RL.7.4, RL.7.5, W.7.2, SL.7.1, SL.7.2, L.7.4, L.7.5, L.7.6
  • Grade 8
    RL.8.1, RL.8.3, RL.8.4, W.8.2, SL.8.1, SL.8.2, L.8.4, L.8.5, L.8.6
TEKS Standards
  • Grade 6
    6.1; 6.2a,b, e; 6.3; 6.5; 6.17a, c; 6.19; 6.26; 6.27; 6.28
  • Grade 7
    7.2a, b, e; 7.3, 7.5; 7.17a,c; 7.19; 7.26; 7.27; 7.2
  • Grade 8
    8.1; 8.2a, b, e; 8.3; 8.5; 8.17a, c; 8.19; 8.26; 8.27; 8.28

Presentation View
See Student View
As You Read

 Think about what makes this story suspenseful.

Characters

 Choose the character you will play. *Starred characters are major roles.

*Stage Directors 1 & 2 (SD1, SD2) / Ravens 1, 2, 3, & 4 / *All Ravens: to be read by a group / *Villain: the teller of the tale / *Old Man: the villain’s housemate / Heart / Officer / Sergeant / Constable 

Prologue

SD1: A small light appears on a dark stage, casting long shadows.

SD2: All is still until—

All Ravens (flying in): Caw, caw, caw!

Raven 1: Long ago, the master of bloodcurdling tales was a man named Edgar Allan Poe.

Raven 2: Poe wrote about murder and morgues . . .

Raven 3: Gargoyles and graveyards . . .

Raven 4: And this tale, about a man fallen into madness.

SD1: A thin, pale man steps from the shadows.

Villain: Madness? I am not mad.

All Ravens: Caw! Caw! Caw!

Villain: You do not believe me, I can tell. But it’s no matter. I shall prove it to you.

SD2: Ravens fly around the stage—more and more of them—until the stage is filled with flapping wings.

SD1: When the stage clears, the man is gone.

Scene 1

 SD2: An old man sits in a big wooden bed.

SD1: A large raven is perched on the headboard. Three others sit on the footboard.

SD2: The old man is not, however, aware of the birds. It is as though they are invisible.

Old Man (weakly): Would you kindly bring me some tea?

Villain (cheerfully, offstage): Of course. I’ll be right there, with the morning paper too.

Old Man (kindly): Thank you very much.

SD1: The villain walks in, carrying a tray.

Old Man: You do not look well today. Didn’t you get any sleep last night?

Villain: I am fine, old man. If anything, my senses are especially keen.

Old Man: Is it a headache? Let me fix you something.

Villain: No, no. You just enjoy your tea.

All Ravens: Such a kindhearted old man.

Villain (to the audience): ’Tis too true. The old man had never done me harm. But he had this one sickly eye— pale blue with a hideous film over it. It was like the eye of a vulture. When it looked at me, my blood ran cold.

SD2: The villain turns his head back toward the old man.

Villain: So I made up my mind to kill him.

All Ravens: He made up his mind!

Villain: I was not crazy. It was his evil eye. It mocked me. It haunted me. I had to rid myself of THAT EVIL EYE!

SD1: He runs from the room. The ravens follow.

Scene 2

 SD2: The stage is dark and silent, save for gentle snoring.

Old Man (snoring): Sssssnnnuuhhh . . .

SD1: Slowly—ever so slowly—the door opens. The villain skulks into the room holding a lantern.

Villain (to the audience): Night after night, I crept into the old man’s room.

All Ravens: Night after night, he shone a sliver of light upon the eye.

Villain: But every night, the eye was closed. So I waited. After all, it was not the old man who vexed me. It was his eye.

All Ravens: His evil eye!

Villain: On the eighth night—

SD2: The villain accidentally bumps into the dresser.

Old Man (sitting up): Who’s there?

SD1: The villain freezes.

Villain: For an hour I stood still, hardly breathing. I sensed, all the while, the old man listening. And then . . .

Old Man (groaning): Ohhhhhhh . . .

Villain: It was the groan of mortal terror, a low stifled sound from the bottom of his soul.

All Ravens (groaning): Ohhhhhhh . . .

Villain: I shone my light upon the eye. And—

All Ravens: It was open!

Villain: Wide, wide open! It chilled the very marrow in my bones! And then I heard it.

Heart: Thump-thump, thump-thump, thump-thump.

All Ravens: The beating of the old man’s heart!

SD2: Eyes wide, mouth agape, the villain remains still.

Villain: The heart beat faster and faster.

All Ravens: Louder and louder.

Heart: Thump-thump, thump-thump, thump-thump.

Villain: My rage boiled! I could stand it no longer! I leapt.

All Ravens: Ahhhhhh!

Villain: Ahhhhhh!

Old Man: Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhh!

SD1: The stage goes dark. A few seconds pass.

SD2: Then a small light comes up on the villain.

Villain: I smiled when the deed was done. Yet for many minutes, the old man’s heart beat on.

Heart: Thump-thump, thump-thump . . .

Villain: When finally it ceased, I examined the corpse. The old man was dead—stone dead.

Raven 1: It was over.

Raven 2: The heart was still.

Raven 3: The eye was closed forever.

Villain: The eye would trouble me no more.

ALLAN DAVEY

Why do we love scary stuff?

When we watch or read something scary, we feel a rush of energy. Our hearts beat faster, our breathing quickens, our palms sweat. We become focused on the moment, escaping the routine of our everyday lives and forgetting our worries for a time. We know deep down that we are not in any actual danger, so we experience the fear in a fun, safe way. A frightening story can also boost our confidence: We feel strong and proud for making it through to the end.

Scene 3

SD1: The lights come up to reveal a cozy parlor.

SD2: There is a loud knock on the door.

SD1: The villain hums lightly as he crosses the stage to the front door. Opening it, he finds three police officers.

Villain: Good morning, gentlemen.

Officer: There has been a complaint.

Sergeant: Your neighbors.

Constable: They complained.

Villain: Did they, now?

Officer: A scream was heard.

Sergeant: Like this: “Ahhhhhh!’’

Constable: Yes: “Ahhhhhh!”

Villain: I see.

SD2: The villain smiles.

Villain: I must confess: The shriek was my own, uttered during a most distressing dream.

Officer: May we come in?

Sergeant: Look around?

Constable: Investigate?

Villain: Yes, of course.

SD1: The villain opens the door. The men walk in.

Villain (to the audience): I was not worried, for I had concealed the body beneath the floorboards. No eye— not even his—could have detected anything. There was no stain, no blood. I had been too clever for that.

Officer: Who else lives here with you?

Sergeant: Yes, with whom do you live?

Constable: And why isn’t he here?

Villain: Ah, the old man. He is off to the country for a bit of rest. Would you care for a look around his room?

Officer: We would.

Sergeant: Quite so.

Constable: Yes, please.

Villain: After you, then, gentlemen.

Scene 4

SD2: The villain watches as the policemen examine the old man’s bedroom.

SD1: Nothing seems out of place—except the four ravens perched on the old man’s bed. But these no one sees.

Officer: Well, everything looks fine to me.

Sergeant: Nothing out of the ordinary.

Constable: Everything quite within the ordinary, I’d say.

Villain: Care to join me for a spot of tea before you go?

Officer: A spot of tea?

Sergeant: That would be lovely.

Constable: Yes, lovely.

SD2: The villain leaves the room.

Officer: Nice fellow.

Sergeant: Yes, quite.

Constable: Indeed.

Villain (returning with a tray): Here we are, gentlemen!

(to the audience) Yes, I served them tea. For what had I to fear? I served them tea above the very spot where I had hidden the corpse!

Officer (sipping): Ah, this is fine tea.

Sergeant: They say tea is good for you.

Constable: English Breakfast is my favorite.

Villain (to the audience): I had fooled the officers well. Tell me, could a madman have done that?

All Ravens: But soon our villain wished them gone.

Raven 4: See how pale he has grown.

Raven 1: See how he fidgets.

Raven 2: See how he sweats.

Villain (to the audience): Why wouldn’t they leave?

Officer: Lots of strange things happening these days.

Sergeant: People acting oddly.

Constable: Something’s in the air.

Villain: Then there came a ringing in my ears.

All Ravens: A muffled buzzing sound.

Heart: Buzz . . . buzz . . . buzz . . .

Officer: The countryside must be nice this time of year.

Sergeant: Yes—peaceful, I’d say.

Constable: What with the fall foliage and all.

SD1: The villain looks around, searching for the noise.

Raven 3: It wasn’t a buzzing at all. It was a ticking.

Heart: Tick, tick, tick . . .

Raven 4: Like that of a watch,

Raven 1: Or a clock,

Raven 2: Or a bomb.

SD2: The villain begins to pace.

Villain: They blathered on as if nothing was wrong!

Officer: A walk in the woods, why, it clears the mind.

Sergeant: Much like this tea.

Constable: Yes, it’s good for the soul.

Heart: Thump-thump, thump-thump—

Villain: Couldn’t they hear it?

SD1: The villain clutches his head and covers his ears.

Officer: Why do they call it “English Breakfast”?

Sergeant: Something to do with the English, I imagine.

Constable: Is there such a thing as English Lunch tea?

Heart: Thump-thump, thump-thump, thump-thump.

Villain: Then it came to me. They knew! They were mocking me with their innocent smiles and sips of tea!

All Ravens: Oh, the agony!

Heart: Thump-thump, thump-thump, thump-thump.

Officer: Well, we should be getting back to the station.

Sergeant: Yes. It’s time to go.

Constable: Thank you for the tea, young man.

Villain: I can bear it no longer!

All Ravens: He could bear it no longer!

Heart: Thump-thump, thump-thump, thump-thump.

Villain: Cruel monsters, dissemble no more! I did it! I confess! Tear up the floor! Here! Here! It is the beating! It is the beating of the old man’s hideous heart!

SD2: The ravens fly around the stage in a frenzy as the officers leap to their feet and rush toward the villain.

All Ravens: Caw, caw, caw!

SD1: The lights fade to black and all falls still.

UNIVERSAL IMAGES GROUP/GETTY IMAGES

 

 

Edgar Allan Poe (1809– 1849) helped invent the horror genre. His stories are still popular today.

Writing Prompt

In a well-organized paragraph, explain how the author creates a suspenseful mood in The Tell-Tale Heart. Support your ideas with text evidence.

This story was originally published in the September 2016 issue. 

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Activities (8)
Core Skills Workout
  • The Core Skills Workout is a series of skill-based activities that will help your students "bulk up" in the comprehension skills they need most to become strong, analytical readers. The Core Skills Workout comes with every issue and will support your reading program no matter what your scope and sequence.
Literary Elements
  • Use these activities to help students analyze and appreciate literature through the lens of literary elements. These activities include higher-level thinking questions that encourage students to make connections to their life experiences and across texts. Great for reinforcing key literary terms too!
Reference
Skills Activities
Quizzes (2)
Quizzes (2)
Answer Key (1)
video (1)
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Activities (8) Download All Quizzes and Activities
Core Skills Workout
  • The Core Skills Workout is a series of skill-based activities that will help your students "bulk up" in the comprehension skills they need most to become strong, analytical readers. The Core Skills Workout comes with every issue and will support your reading program no matter what your scope and sequence.
Literary Elements
  • Use these activities to help students analyze and appreciate literature through the lens of literary elements. These activities include higher-level thinking questions that encourage students to make connections to their life experiences and across texts. Great for reinforcing key literary terms too!
Reference
Skills Activities
Quizzes (2)
Quizzes (2)
Answer Key (1)
Step-by-Step Lesson Plan

Close Reading, Critical Thinking, Skill Building

Download the Lesson Plan

Essential questions: What makes a story suspensful? How can guilt affect our behavior? How do authors create mood?

1. PREPARING TO READ

Watch a video. (15 minutes)

Show our “What’s the Mood?” video. Optional: Pass out our Mood Words handout, which includes a bank of words to help students identify mood in any text.

Explore suspense. (5 minutes)

Write “What is suspense?” on the board. Brainstorm the answer as a class; make sure students understand that suspense is a feeling of nervousness or excitement caused by wondering what will happen. Ask students to share examples of real-life situations that might be suspenseful (such as watching the final 10 seconds of a close basketball game) as well as examples of suspense from their favorite books, movies, and TV shows.

Read the caption. (3 minutes)

Turn to page 22 and read the caption “Why do we love scary stuff?” to the class. Discuss the role that suspense plays in scary stories. What do people enjoy about suspenseful situations? How does suspense relate to fear? Students may say that suspense comes from not knowing something, and that the unknown can be much scarier than any ghost or zombie.

Preview vocabulary. (5 minutes)

Distribute or project the Vocabulary Words and Definitions for students to refer to as they read. Highlighted words: agape, blathered, dissemble, keen, mortal, stifled, vexed. Tell students to add any other unfamiliar words to the vocabulary list. Assign the vocabulary activity as homework.

2. READING THE PLAY (30 minutes)

  • Read aloud the “As You Read” box on page 21. 
  • Assign parts and read the play aloud as a class. 
  • Have students discuss the following in groups.

Close-Reading Questions

  • Describe the mood of the prologue. Which words and phrases create that mood? (mood, author’s craft) Answers will vary. The mood is spooky. Phrases that help create that mood include “long shadows,” “bloodcurdling tales,” and “murder and morgues.”
  • Based on his description of the Old Man in Scene 1, what can you tell about the Villain’s state of mind? (character, inference) The Villain says that the Old Man “had never done me harm.” Yet he describes the Old Man’s eye as “evil” and sees this as a legitimate reason to kill him, which is not rational.
  • Reread the beginning of Scene 2, up to when the Villain says, “On the eighth night—.” What feeling do these lines create? (mood) The lines show the Villain waiting for the moment when he can kill the Old Man. They create a tense, suspenseful mood; the reader is also waiting for the attack.
  • Later in Scene 2, the Villain says that looking at the Old Man’s eye “chilled the very marrow in my bones.” What does this expression mean? (figurative language) The sight of the eye gave the Villain a feeling of disgust and horror. He refers to the marrow in his bones to show how deep the feeling went.
  • In Scenes 3 and 4, the police officers always speak in the same order. Why might the author have written their lines this way? (author’s craft) For the reader, the police officers’ lines add an element of humor to the play and create a sense of rhythm. For the Villain, their statements seem mocking. Their strange dialogue also slows the action down and adds a dreamlike quality to the text.
  • At the end of Scene 4, why does the Villain confess? (character motivation) The Villain confesses because he believes that the officers know what he has done and are taunting him by talking about trite subjects like tea and the countryside. You can infer that the Villain’s guilt and anxiety become increasingly intense, and that he feels he must confess in order to relieve these feelings, much as he killed the Old Man to relieve his feeling of loathing for the eye.

Critical-Thinking Questions

  • In the prologue, the Villain states that he is not mad and that he will prove it to you. By the end of the play, does he succeed in proving his point? No; the more the Villain describes the events of the story, the more irrational he appears. He believes that it’s logical to kill the Old Man because he dislikes the Old Man’s eye. He seems relieved and relaxed right after committing the murder. But then he thinks he hears the dead man’s heart beating. He interprets the police officers’ chatter as a sign that they know about his crime. By the end of the play, the Villain is pacing and clutching his head, and seeming quite mad.
  • The ravens are not part of Poe’s original story. How do they contribute to the mood and to our understanding of the story? The ravens add an eerie quality, partly because ravens are often associated with death. The ravens also offer the reader a clue about the Villain’s state of mind: He appears to be the only character who is aware of the ravens. Clearly, his reality is different from that of the other characters. The ravens also emphasize the Villain’s emotions by repeating his statements. (In addition, the ravens are an allusion to Poe’s famous poem “The Raven.”)

3. SKILL BUILDING

Featured Skill: Mood (15 minutes)

Break students into groups to complete the Mood Core Skill Activity (available in a lower level). This activity will prepare them to respond to the writing prompt on page 23. For alternative culminating tasks, see the boxes below.

Differentiated Writing Prompts
For On-Level Readers

In a well-organized paragraph, explain how the author creates a suspenseful mood in The Tell-Tale Heart. Support your ideas with text evidence.

For Struggling Readers

Choose one scene. In a well-organized paragraph, discuss the author’s use of suspense in that scene. Give examples from the text.

For Advanced Readers

One word that describes the mood of the play is suspenseful. Think of another word that describes the mood and explain how the author creates that mood.

Literature Connection: Other texts that make use of suspense

The Hunger Games 
by Suzanne Collins (novel)

“The Monkey’s Paw”
by W.W. Jacobs (short story)

"The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street”
by Rod Serling (The Twilight Zone teleplay)

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